Introduction to CNC Lathe Machine Tool Mechanism

Numerical control (English name: Numerical Control, abbreviation: NC) technology refers to a technology that uses digital instructions composed of numbers, characters and symbols to control the motion of one or more mechanical equipment. Numerical control generally uses general-purpose or special-purpose computers to realize digital program control, so numerical control is also called Computerized Numerical Control (Computerized Numerical Control), abbreviated as CNC, and generally called CNC abroad, and the concept of NC is rarely used. What it controls is usually the position, angle, speed and other mechanical quantities and the switch quantity related to the flow of mechanical energy. The generation of numerical control relies on the emergence of data carriers and binary data operations. In 1908, a perforated sheet metal interchangeable data carrier came out; at the end of the 19th century, a control system with paper as a data carrier and auxiliary functions was invented; in 1938, Shannon conducted rapid data calculation and transmission at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States. Laid the foundation of modern computers, including computer digital control systems. Numerical control technology is developed in close combination with machine tool control. In 1952, the first CNC machine tool came out, which became an epoch-making event in the history of the world machinery industry and promoted the development of automation.

Numerical control technology is also called Computerized Numerical Control (CNC, Computerized Numerical Control), which is a technology that uses computers to realize digital program control. This technology uses a computer to execute the sequential logic control function of the movement track of the device and the operation of the peripherals according to the control program stored in advance. As a computer is used to replace the original numerical control device composed of hardware logic circuits, the storage, processing, calculation, and logic judgment of input operation instructions can be realized by computer software, and the microscopic instructions generated by the processing can be transmitted to The servo drive drives the motor or hydraulic actuator to drive the equipment to run.

Traditional mechanical processing is performed by manual operation of ordinary machine tools. During processing, the mechanical tool is shaken by hand to cut metal, and the accuracy of the product is measured by the eye with tools such as calipers. Modern industry has already used computer digitally controlled machine tools for operations. CNC machine tools can automatically process any products and parts directly according to the procedures programmed by technicians in advance. This is what we call CNC machining. Numerical control processing is widely used in any field of all mechanical processing, and it is the development trend and important and necessary technical means of mold processing.